Microsoft also bundles a variety of data management, business intelligence ( BI) and analytics tools with SQL Server. And at the user level, SQL Server DBAs and developers write T-SQL statements to build and modify database structures, manipulate data, implement security protections and back up databases, among other tasks. A network interface layer sits above the Database Engine and uses Microsoft's Tabular Data Stream protocol to facilitate request and response interactions with database servers. SQLOS handles lower-level functions, such as memory and I/O management, job scheduling and locking of data to avoid conflicting updates. Sitting beneath the Database Engine is the SQL Server Operating System, or SQLOS. Stored procedures, triggers, views and other database objects are also created and executed by the Database Engine. It includes a relational engine that processes commands and queries and a storage engine that manages database files, tables, pages, indexes, data buffers and transactions. The core component of Microsoft SQL Server is the SQL Server Database Engine, which controls data storage, processing and security. Those checks are part of a broader adherence to the principles of atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, collectively known as the ACID properties, and are designed to guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably. The relational model also provides referential integrity and other integrity constraints to maintain data accuracy. Like other RDBMS technologies, SQL Server is primarily built around a row-based table structure that connects related data elements in different tables to one another, avoiding the need to redundantly store data in multiple places within a database. Inside SQL Server's architecture - How SQL Server works SQL Server is tied to Transact-SQL ( T-SQL), an implementation of SQL from Microsoft that adds a set of proprietary programming extensions to the standard language.

Like other RDBMS software, Microsoft SQL Server is built on top of SQL, a standardized programming language that database administrators ( DBAs) and other IT professionals use to manage databases and query the data they contain. Microsoft SQL Server is one of the three market-leading database technologies, along with Oracle Database and IBM's DB2. Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that supports a wide variety of transaction processing, business intelligence and analytics applications in corporate IT environments.

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